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Τι (ποιος) είναι phosphate$60274$ - ορισμός
![Phosphate mine near [[Flaming Gorge, Utah]], US, 2008](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Phosphate Mine Panorama.jpg?width=200 "Phosphate mine near [[Flaming Gorge, Utah]], US, 2008")
![Relationship of phosphate to nitrate uptake for [[photosynthesis]] in various regions of the ocean. Note that nitrate is more often limiting than phosphate. See the [[Redfield ratio]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PhosphatetoNitrate.png?width=200 "Relationship of phosphate to nitrate uptake for [[photosynthesis]] in various regions of the ocean. Note that nitrate is more often limiting than phosphate. See the [[Redfield ratio]].")
![speciation]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/PiSpeciation.svg?width=200 "speciation]]")
![Train loaded with phosphate rock, [[Métlaoui]], Tunisia, 2012](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Train loaded with phosphate rock, Metlaoui Tunisia-4298B.jpg?width=200 "Train loaded with phosphate rock, [[Métlaoui]], Tunisia, 2012")
![Sea surface phosphate from the [[World Ocean Atlas]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/WOA09 sea-surf PO4 AYool.png?width=200 "Sea surface phosphate from the [[World Ocean Atlas]]")
![Phosphoricacid]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/3-phosphoric-acid-3D-balls.png?width=200 "Phosphoricacid]]")
![Dihydrogenphosphate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/2-dihydrogenphosphate-3D-balls.png?width=200 "Dihydrogenphosphate]]")
![Hydrogenphosphate]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/1-hydrogenphosphate-3D-balls.png?width=200 "Hydrogenphosphate]]")
![[[Thin section]] of apatite-rich carbonate in cross polarized transmitted light.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Thin section scan crossed polarizers Siilinjärvi R301-61.70.jpg?width=200 "[[Thin section]] of apatite-rich carbonate in cross polarized transmitted light.")
(HPO4)-jpmaterabe5f9f1 hr.jpg?width=200 "Na<sub>2</sub>Fe(C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>)(HPO<sub>4</sub>) crystal structure")
Βικιπαίδεια
In chemistry, a phosphate is an anion, salt, functional group or ester derived from a phosphoric acid. It most commonly means orthophosphate, a derivative of orthophosphoric acid, aka. phosphoric acid H3PO4.
The phosphate or orthophosphate ion [PO
4]3−
is derived from phosphoric acid by the removal of three protons H+
. Removal of one or two protons gives the dihydrogen phosphate ion [H
2PO
4]−
and the hydrogen phosphate ion [HPO
4]2−
ion, respectively. These names are also used for salts of those anions, such as ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and trisodium phosphate.
In organic chemistry, phosphate or orthophosphate is an organophosphate, an ester of orthophosphoric acid of the form PO
4RR′R″ where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic groups. An example is trimethyl phosphate, (CH
3)
3PO
4. The term also refers to the trivalent functional group OP(O-)
3 in such esters.
Orthophosphates are especially important among the various phosphates because of their key roles in biochemistry, biogeochemistry, and ecology, and their economic importance for agriculture and industry. The addition and removal of phosphate groups (phosphorylation and dephosphorylation) are key steps in cell metabolism.
Orthophosphates can condense to form pyrophosphates.
